Electrical Routing of Dipole Decay Between Radiative and Nonradiative Channels via Graphene Plexcitons

Active control of the radiative properties of quantum emitters through engineered light-matter interactions is a key challenge in nanophotonics and quantum optics. In this work, we demonstrate dynamic modulation of dipole's decay rate by exploiting the tunable plexcitonic modes (graphene plasmons and QD-excitons) in the strong coupling regime. By integrating a quantum dot inside a graphene spherical shell and tuning the local optical response of hybrid modes via voltage-bias, we achieve continuous and reversible control over the decay rate, leading to significant enhancement or suppression of dipole emission from near- to far-infrared regime. Furthermore, the plexcitonic peaks shows much sharper linewidths in contrast to bare graphene plasmons even in the off-resonant coupling which indicates higher sensitivity of the systems at tuned wavelengths. We demonstrate the phenomenon with the numerical solution of 3D Maxwell's equations using MNPBEM tool. Our approach demonstrate a versatile platform for programmable emission control and offer a promising pathway for developing reconfigurable quantum photonic devices, such as tunable single-photon sources and ultrafast optical switches.