Evaluation of the anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic anticholinergic, and anti-glaucoma effect of Hackberries (Celtis australis) from the western region of Türkiye

Celtis australis, commonly known as Mediterranean hackberry, is a deciduous tree in the Cannabaceae

family. It has been used in many countries as a natural remedy for cough, colic, amenorrhoea, ulcers,

and stomach disorders[1]. Here, since limited study is available, the biological activity of the plant's

berries was investigated through anti-oxidant capacity and enzyme inhibition assays. Also, LC-MS/MS

revealed phytochemical content, and quantitative measurements of total phenolics and flavonoids

were determined[2,3]. Results showed that strong metal-reducing capacity was determined through

FRAP, CUPRAC, and Fe3+-reducing assays compared to standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, Trolox,

and α-tocopherol. Besides, the weak radical scavenging property was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS

assays. Enzyme inhibition potential was calculated against α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase,

butyrylcholinesterase, and human carbonic anhydrase I with 40.06 µg/mL, 19.95 µg/mL, 23.61 µg/mL,

and 30.10 µg/mL IC50 values, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis detected quinic acid, chlorogenic acid,

vanillic acid, syringic acid, rosmarinic acid, and apigenin in the water extracts of the plant. Total

flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined as 159,69 QE/mg of sample and 78,38 GAE/mg of

sample. Biological activity results were concluded as consistent with content analysis. In conclusion,

the structure/function relationship was derived.