Synthesis, characterization of tetra-paraben substituted monospiro cyclotriphosphazenes and their cytotoxic activities in breast cancer (MCF-7)

In the present work, new tetra-paraben substituted monospiro cyclotriphosphazene derivatives (2–4) were synthesized, and their cytotoxic properties were assessed using the MTT assay in MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma) and MCF-12A (non-tumorigenic breast epithelial) cell lines. All the synthesized compounds structures were elucidated with mass analysis and 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopies. Also, HSQC (Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence) NMR spectrum was evaluated for compound 3. Furthermore, single crystal X-ray structural analysis was used to ascertain the structures of compounds 2–4. Synthesizing new compounds that can be used as potential drug candidates for breast cancer in the MCF-7 cell lines, is a critical area of research given the high mortality rates associated with this disease. Studies on paraben and cyclotriphosphazene compounds emphasize their importance in biological activity studies and draw attention to their pharmacological activities and especially their potential for anticancer cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxicity results of tetra-paraben substituted monospiro cyclotriphosphazenes in the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line revealed cell viability rates ranging from 51.77% to 53.98% at 100 µM concentration. The IC₅₀ values of the 2, 3, and 4 were determined to be between 131.95 and 172.76 µM. This study indicated that the tetra-paraben substituted monospiro cyclotriphosphazene compounds (2–4) could be identified promising compounds as cytotoxic agents in increasing therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer.