Purification and characterization of carbonic anhydrase from the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass) liver and toxicological effects of metals on enzyme activity

Carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1; CA) was purified and characterized from the liver of the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass) for the first time. The purification procedure consisted of a single step affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B-tyrosine-sulfanilamide. The enzyme was purified 78.8-fold with a yield of 46%, and a specific activity of 751.72 U/mg proteins. It has an optimum pH at 7.5; an optimum temperature at 25 C; an optimum ionic strength at 10 mM and a stable pH at 8.5. The kinetic parameters of this enzyme were determined for its esterase activity, with 4-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) as substrate and the purified enzyme had an apparent Km and V-max values of 0.44 mM and 0.249 mu mol x min(-1), respectively. The following metals, Al+3, Cu+2, Pb+2, Co+3, Ag+1, Zn+2 and Hg+2 showed inhibitory effects on the enzyme. Al+3 and Cu+2 exhibited the strongest inhibitory action. Pb+2 was moderate inhibitor, whereas other metals showed weaker actions. All tested metals inhibited the enzyme in a competitive manner. Our findings indicate that these metals inhibit the fish enzyme in a similar manner to other alpha-CAs from mammals investigated earlier, but the susceptibility to various metals differ between the fish and mammalian enzymes. Our results also demonstrate that these metals might be dangerous at low micromolar concentrations for fish CA enzymes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.