Synthesis, Characterization, and Inhibition Study of Novel Substituted Phenylureido Sulfaguanidine Derivatives as alpha-Glycosidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A series of six N-carbamimidoyl-4-(3-substituted phenylureido)benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized by reaction of sulfaguanidine with aromatic isocyanates. In vitro and in silico inhibitory effects of the novel ureido-substituted sulfaguanidine derivatives were investigated by spectrophotometric methods for alpha-glycosidase (alpha-GLY), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). N-Carbamimidoyl-4-{[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]amino}benzene-1-sulfonamide (2f) showed AChE and BChE inhibitory effects, with K-I values of 515.98 +/- 45.03 nM and 598.47 +/- 59.18 nM, respectively, while N-carbamimidoyl-4-{[(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]amino}benzene-1-sulfonamide (2e) showed strong alpha-GLY inhibitory effect, with K-I values of 103.94 +/- 13.06 nM. The antidiabetic effects of the novel synthesized compounds are higher than their anti-Alzheimer's effects, because the inhibition effect of the compounds on the alpha-GLY with diabetic enzyme is greater than the effect on esterase enzymes. Indeed, inhibition of the metabolic enzymes is important for the treatment of DM and AD.