Determining Knowledge and Self-efficacy Levels of Patients with Hypertension on their Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Hypertension is a leading global public health problem requiring effective long-term self-management. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and self-efficacy levels of patients with hypertension and examine the relationship between these variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 hypertensive patients attending cardiology and internal medicine outpatient clinics of a training and research hospital between March and July 2024. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale (HK-LS), and Hypertension Self-Efficacy Scale (HSES). Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used. Results: The mean HK-LS score was 17.23 ± 3.9 (range: 4-22), and the mean HSES score was 55.16 ± 6.4 (range: 41-72). Of the participants, 57% (n=114) were female, and 43% (n=86) were male. Female participants, individuals with higher education, better perceived income, regular exercise habits, and absence of comorbid disease had significantly higher knowledge and self-efficacy scores (p <0.01). A moderate positive correlation was found between knowledge and self-efficacy (p <0.01). Discussion: The findings indicate that increased hypertension-related knowledge is associated with stronger self-efficacy in disease management. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors influence both variables. Conclusion: Improving hypertension knowledge may enhance self-efficacy and disease management. Tailored educational interventions targeting vulnerable groups are recommended.