Mitigation of N and P leaching from irrigated wheat area as influence plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)

Uses of bio-fertilizers containing beneficial micro organisms instead of synthetic chemicals are known to improve plant growth through the supply of plant nutrients and may help to sustain environmental health and soil productivity. This study was conducted to determine effects of PGPB and chemical fertilizer application on the growth of wheat and the leaching loss of nitrate, ammonium and phosphate. For this aim, a pot experiment with nine treatments: control, Bacillus OSU-142 (BA-142), Bacillus M-13 (M-13), BA-142 + M-13, NH4NO3 (AN) fertilizer, (NH4)(2)SO4 (AS) fertilizer, Triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer, AN + TSP, AS + TSP were carried out. Results showed that BA-142 can work on this high initial available nitrogen soil and increase the nitrogen loss, ranged 124 to 193%, but reduce the nitrogen loss compared to chemical nitrogen fertilizers application by 53.8 to 70.2%. The application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, M-13, significantly increased the concentration of soil available P and the P concentration and dry matter production of wheat shoot. This application also increased the leaching loss of P by 37.4 to 57.3 %, compared to treatments with no chemical phosphate fertilizer and this bacteria application. However, this application system reduces the leaching loss P by 52.0 to 53.1 %, compared to the treatments with chemical phosphate fertilizer applied