Life history of Lixus bardanae on curly dock (Rumex crispus) in Turkey

The biology of Lixus bardanae (F) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) in northeastern Anatolia (Bayburt, Erzurum and Kars Provinces), Turkey, was studied during the years 2000 and 2001. L bardanae completes one generation in a year, overwintering as an adult. It feeds on leaves of the host plant. Females lay eggs individually into stems and the young larvae create galleries in stems while feeding. Pupation occurs inside stems in cells fashioned from frass. In late September, adults, move into soil and overwinter in an upright position around the roots of the host plant. Infestation levels were found to range between 34% and 84%. Two parasitoids, Exeristes roborator F. and Endromopoda phragmitidis Perve (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), were reared from L. bardanae.