Impact of elevated temperatures on the genetic and morpho-physiological traits of cotton genotypes cultivation

Heat stress poses a significant threat to cotton, affecting crucial developmental stages from fertilization to boll development and thereby reducing both yield and quality. As global climate change advances, the likelihood of severe heat waves increases, presenting a serious challenge to agricultural production and our ability to feed a growing population. Cotton's resilience to heat involves a suite of physiological and biochemical responses, including adjustments in water management and protective mechanisms at the cellular level, such as the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidants. These adaptations are crucial for maintaining cellular integrity and overall plant health under thermal stress. Recent research highlighted specific proteins and enzymes within the plant that help combat stress-related damage. However, the exact molecular mechanisms facilitating these protective responses are not fully delineated. Further research is needed to identify and validate additional molecular mechanisms underlying the plant's response to heat stress. Additionally, exploring new breeding strategies for the development of more resilient cultivars. In addition, field trials and testing under real-world conditions will be essential to assess the effectiveness of the proposed strategies for mitigating the negative effects of heat stress on crop yields.