Physico-mechanical seed properties of the common Turkish bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars 'Hinis' and 'Ispir'

The objective of this study was to determine the geometrical, gravimetrical, frictional, aerodynamic, colour, and mechanical properties of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars 'Hinis' and 'Ispir', which dominate bean production in Erzurum, Turkey. The average length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, and projected area were found to be: 11.76 and 12.29 mm, 8.85 and 9.10 mm, 7.66 and 7.99 mm, 78.90 and 78.45%, and 92.02 and 99.37 mm(2) for 'Hinis' and 'Ispir', respectively. The average 1000 seed weight, bulk density, and porosity were determined as: 531.3 and '598.9 g, 835.8 and 872.7 kg m(-3), and 34.0% and 33.1% for 'Hinis' and 'Ispir', respectively. The average angle of repose and terminal velocity were 24.52 degrees and 19.46 degrees, and 11.42 and 11.80 m s(-1) in 'Hinis' and 'Ispir' respectively. The highest coefficient of dynamic friction was obtained with an aluminium surface in both cultivars as 0.227 for 'Hinis' and 0.199 for 'Ispir'. This was followed by fibreglass, steel, plywood, and glass surfaces. Both cultivars had white testae. The average value of rupture force, deformation at rupture point, energy absorbed, hardness, and toughness; along the X-direction were found to be: 145.9 and 118.4 N, 0.85 and 0.90 mm, 63.8 and 54.0 N mm, 171.0 and 132.5 N mm(-1), and 0.15 and 0.12 mJ cm(-3) for 'Hinis' and 'Ispir', respectively.