ENDOTHELIAL CELL AND ANGIOGENESIS

ABSTRACT Cells that regulate the flow of nutrients, biologically different active molecules, and blood cells are called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells perform these functions by evaluating external signals. These stimuli reach endothelial cells through receptor proteins in both their membrane and cytoplasm. Endothelial cells have important functions. Its most important function is to facilitate blood flow and to contribute to thrombin formation in injury. Endothelial cells act as a selectively permeable barrier to the controlled passage of small molecules, fluids, and solutes into tissues within pinocytotic vesicles. It regulates blood flow by secreting various substances in response to blood flow changes, stretching, and inflammatory mediators. Angiogenesis means blood vessel formation. Angiogenesis occurs during the embryonic stage for the formation of tissues and organs. Angiogenesis is also observed in the ovarian cycle and wound healing in adults. Angiogenesis is an expected event in conditions such as growth and development and wound healing, and in some cases, it can also be pathological. When the balance between the factors that trigger and prevent angiogenesis is disturbed, deficiency or excess of angiogenesis may occur. Angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and their sites of action are known. The most important of these factors is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The vascular endothelial growth factor is important and necessary for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Keywords: Angiogenesis, endothelial cells, VEGF.