Co-circulation of canine chaphamaparvovirus and canine parvovirus 2 in dogs with diarrhea in Turkey

Chaphamaparvoviruses, a divergent group of parvoviruses (family Parvoviridae) infect both domestic and wild mammalian and avian species, including bats, chickens and pigs. They have recently been identified using metagenomic analysis from tissue and stool samples of healthy and sick animals. Here, dogs (60 healthy and 43 diarrheal) were investigated for the presence of canine chaphamaparvovirus, canine coronavirus (CCoV), canine adenovirus (CAV), canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV- 2) by rectal swabs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For chaphamaparvovirus, all the healthy dogs tested negative whereas three of the diarrheal dogs tested positive (3 /103; 2.9%). CPV-2 was also detected in diarrheal dogs (28/43; 65%) but no other viruses were found in the rectal samples of the sick dogs. The three chaphamaparvovirus-positive dogs were also positive for CPV-2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the chaphamaparvoviruses were all related to American strains, forming a separate Glade in the mammalian group. Amino acid sequence comparisons demonstrated that the Turkish strains had one substitution at 743 (Ser -> Gly) and substitutions at 688 (Ser -> Leu), 716 (Asp -> His) and 743 (Cys -> Ser/Gly) compared to the American strains. This study provides the first report of chaphamaparvovirus in Turkey. It also documents, for the first time, co-circulation of chaphamaparvovirus and CPV-2 in Turkey's dog population.