Anti-genotoxic role of eicosapentaenoic acid against imazalil-induced DNA damage in vitro

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid and is essential to the health of mammals. Recent data show that EPA can act as anti-mutagenic agent. On the other hand, pesticides comprise a new and important class of environmental pollutants nowadays. Imazalil (IMA), a commonly used fungicide in both agricultural and clinical domains is suspected to produce very serious toxic effects in vertebrates. The present study investigated the anti-genotoxic effect of EPA against the genotoxic damage induced by IMA on cultured human lymphocytes using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests as cytogenetic endpoints. Peripheral blood cells were treated in vitro with varying concentrations of EPA (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g/ml), tested in combination with IMA (336 g/ml). Our results revealed that the rates of CAs and MNs in lymphocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by IMA as compared to the controls. The results also showed that EPA alone was not genotoxic. Moreover, when combined with IMA treatment, EPA reduced the frequencies of CAs and MNs. A clear dose-dependent decrease in the genotoxic damage of IMA was observed, suggesting a genoprotective role of EPA. In conclusion, our data may have an important application for the protection of cultured human lymphocyte from the genetic damage and repercussions induced by agricultural and industrial chemicals hazardous in people.