Microbiota and Hypertension

Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide, and in most cases, no apparent cause is identified. This condition is known as essential hypertension. Hypertension can damage the heart, brain, eyes, and kidneys. Research has recently increased regarding the potential relationship between intestinal microbiota and hypertension development. Microbiota refers to the vast community of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms found in the human intestine, playing a crucial role in the immune system and metabolism. A decrease in microbial diversity and an increase in certain bacterial species have been noted in hypertensive patients. Animal studies also indicate that our microbiota impacts the development of hypertension, as mice without gut microbiota exhibit lower blood pressure. Diet can influence the development and progression of hypertension by altering microbiota. Prebiotics, such as fiber-rich foods, may protect against hypertension by enhancing microbiota balance. Consequently, microbiota manipulation is viewed as a novel treatment strategy for hypertension. Dietary interventions and microbiota alterations may significantly contribute to the prevention and treatment of hypertension.