The Effects of Vitamin D Level on Bone Lesions and Prognostic Factors in Multiple Myeloma

Objective: Several studies have found that low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of hematologic malignancies and a poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bone lesions as well as prognostic factors in patients with multiple myeloma. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 184 people who had just been diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Complete blood count, biochemical parameters, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, presence of lytic bone lesion and fracture, and disease stage were all recorded. The patients were divided into three groups based on their 25(OH)D levels: deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29 ng/mL), and normal (>= 30 ng/mL). SPSS-21 was used to perform statistical analyses. Results: The 25(OH)D was deficient in 121 patients (65.8%), insufficient in 28 patients (15.2%), and normal in 35 patients (19%). Age, presence of lytic bone lesion and bone fracture, plasma cell rate in bone marrow, and stage of disease (p=0.02; p=0.01; p=0.007; p=0.02, respectively) all differed significantly between these groups. Patients with normal 25(OH)D levels had lower risk of lytic bone lesion and fracture. Furthermore, deficiency and insufficiency of 25(OH)D had a negative impact on disease stage, and advanced disease stage is a poor prognostic parameter for multiple myeloma. Conclusion: Patients with normal 25(OH)D levels have a lower risk of lytic bone lesion and vertebral fracture. The stage of the disease is influenced by 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency. Therefore, early detection and treatment of 25(OH) D deficiency and insufficiency in patients with multiple myeloma may reduce mortality and morbidity rates.