Comparative evaluation of chitligsan nanosuspension gel and spray for enhancing full-thickness wound healing in a rat model

Introduction: This study explores the wound healing potential of Chitligsan (CHG), a novel formulation derived from the enzymatic and fossil-based components of Sahara soil, in nanosuspension-based gel and spray forms. Using a full-thickness wound model in Wistar rats, CHG's efficacy was compared with saline (control) and terramycin treatments. Methods: A total of 48 rats were divided into four groups: Control (saline), Spray (CHG spray), Gel (CHG gel), and Terramycin pomad. Wound areas were measured at days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Results: By day 21, CHG spray reduced wound size to 0.08 +/- 0.01 cm(2), while the gel achieved 0.09 +/- 0.01 cm(2), outperforming both control (0.34 +/- 0.02 cm(2)) and terramycin (0.14 +/- 0.05 cm(2), p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis demonstrated superior epithelial regeneration, dense collagenization, and minimal inflammation in CHG-treated groups compared to others. The nanoscale size of CHG particles (89.6 +/- 0.26 nm) and their stable zeta potential (-26.1 +/- 1.5 mV) contributed to enhanced bioavailability and wound healing efficiency. Morphological and FTIR analyses confirmed the stability and compatibility of the nanosuspension. Conclusions: This study highlights CHG's potential as a biocompatible and effective wound care solution, offering significant advantages in granulation tissue formation and keratinization compared to conventional treatments.