A Comprehensive Review of Aquaponics Systems Supported by Biotechnology to Increase Productivity

Aquaponics systems combine aquaculture and hydroponics, providing a sustainable food production method by recycling water and nutrients between fish and plants. Advanced biotechnological tools have improved these systems, especially in fish breeding, environmental management, and plant growth. Environmental management and bioremediation optimize water quality and nutrient cycling. Bioinformatics supports informed breeding decisions, while epigenetics reveals genetic-environment interactions affecting fish growth. Omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) deepen the understanding of biological processes, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing allows precise genetic modifications. Together, these technologies are advancing aquaponics, boosting sustainability, resource conservation, and biodiversity, and enhancing overall productivity.