Phenothiazine-based chalcones as potential dual-target inhibitors toward cholinesterases (AChE, BuChE) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A, MAO-B)

Chalcones targeting neurodegenerative diseases have been known as attractive structures in drug design and discovery. In this study, phenothiazine-based chalcones as ChEs and MAOs inhibitors were designed and synthesizedviabase-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation, and chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by NMRs and HRMS. Compounds3and9showed promising inhibition potency against AChE enzyme with IC(50)values of 0.221 mu M and 0.053 mu M while compound9displayed remarkable inhibition potency toward MAO-B enzyme with IC(50)value of 0.048 mu M. Compound9, as a dual-target inhibitor, selectively inhibited AChE and MAO-B enzymes. This promising behavior is an advantage for the compound since MAO-B and AChE inhibition have a role in Alzheimer's disease. Fused tricyclic ring systems such as phenothiazine incorporated with chalcone moiety being multitargeting ligands may help scientists for the rational design of novel lead compounds targeting neurodegenerative illnesses.