Vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D, iron, ferritin, magnesium, and HbA1c levels in patients with diabetes mellitus and dental prosthesis

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic patients may have vitamin deficiencies, which are import-ant in the follow-up and complications of diabe-tes for various reasons. It may be beneficial to in-clude the use of dental prosthesis among the pa-rameters that should be investigated as a cause of vitamin deficiency during the management and follow-up of diabetes mellitus. We aimed to inves-tigate the association between serum vitamin B12, folic acid, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ferritin, iron, mag-nesium, and HbA1c levels in diabetic patients with and without removable dental prosthesis and in non-diabetic patients with prosthesis.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a single-center case-control study. Participants were classified into the following groups: 1) Dia-betic patients (n = 528) with prosthesis, 2) non -di-abetic patients with prosthesis (n = 121) and 3) diabetic patients without prosthesis (n = 100). Vitamin B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, folic acid, fer-ritin, iron, magnesium, and HbA1c levels were measured and compared across the groups.RESULTS: A significant difference was ob-served between the groups with respect to the above parameters. Vitamin B12 levels were de-termined to be higher in the diabetic group with-out prosthesis. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were found to be significantly higher in the non -diabet-ic group with a prosthesis than in the other two groups. There was no statistical difference in the iron levels between the groups. Ferritin levels were observed to be significantly higher in the dia-betic group with prosthesis compared to the other two groups. Magnesium levels were significantly different between all the three groups. The highest magnesium levels were found in the non-diabetic group with prosthesis. HbA1c levels were found to be higher in the diabetic group with prosthesis. Magnesium levels were correlated with 25-hy-droxyvitamin D levels, but a negative correlation was observed between these and HbA1c.CONCLUSIONS: Serum vitamin B12 levels were lower in the diabetic and non-diabetic groups with prosthesis compared to the diabetic group without prosthesis. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower and ferritin was higher in the diabetic groups with and without prosthesis. Magnesium levels were significantly lower in the diabetic group with a prosthesis than in the other two groups. The mean HbA1c level was higher in the diabetic group with prosthesis. The comparison of diabetic patients receiving met-formin revealed a higher pronounced vitamin B12 deficiency in the diabetic group with pros-thesis. These findings show that those diabetic patients with prosthesis should be evaluated for vitamin B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and magne-sium deficiency.