A comparative case study to experiences of high school students using text-based versus hybrid-based environments in programming education

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<![endif]-->This study aimed to

comparatively determine the experiences of high school students in programming

language education via text-based or hybrid-based programming environments. A

comparative case study was conducted in this study. The participants consisted

of a total of 19 high school students with no previous experience in any

programming language, nine of them in the text-based programming group and ten

of them in the hybrid-based programming group. The qualitative data were obtained

with a semi-structured interview at the end of the 10-week programming

education process and analyzed by content analysis. The findings were presented

in dimensions of difficulties and conveniences in a programming language course,

anxiety about the programming process, course outcomes, and their preferences

for future programming courses. In each dimension, even if common codes were obtained

for both groups in some themes, the effects of these codes on students differed

in each group. According to the findings, in the programming process, students

faced some difficulties and conveniences in terms of mental effort. While

“trying to figure out where they made a mistake” created a difficulty, “using

comprehensible visual elements in the hybrid-based environment” as a

convenience had the highest frequency among the codes. Some situations caused

learning anxiety in students such as worry about failing, while others did not.

The students achieved positive and negative course outcomes. “Understanding the

logic of coding and acquiring programming skills” which was one of the positive

outcomes had the highest frequency. In addition, students' preferences regarding

whether or not to attend the future programming courses changed for various

reasons. “Unwilling to programming language education” was one of these

findings. Considering the scarcity of programming education studies via text-based

and hybrid-based programming environments, the results and implications of this

study are to strengthen future research by providing rich data.