Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: current development, challenges, and clinical perspectives
Zhang, Xian-Bin, Fan, Yi-Bao, Jing, Rui, Getu, Mikiyas Amare, Chen, Wan-Ying, Zhang, Wei, Dong, Hong-Xia, Dakal, Tikam Chand, Hayat, Akhtar, Cai, Hua-Jun, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Abd El-Aty, A. M., Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet, Liu, Peng, Li, Tian-Feng, Sethi, Gautam, Ahn, Kwang Seok, Ertas, Yavuz Nuri, Chen, Min-Jiang, Ji, Jian-Song, Ma, Li, Gong, Peng
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are the most common subtype of NENs. Historically, GEP-NENs have been regarded as infrequent and slow-growing malignancies; however, recent data have demonstrated that the worldwide prevalence and incidence of GEP-NENs have increased exponentially over the last three decades. In addition, an increasing number of studies have proven that GEP-NENs result in a limited life expectancy. These findings suggested that the natural biology of GEP-NENs is more aggressive than commonly assumed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced researches focusing on the diagnosis and management of patients with GEP-NENs. In this review, we have summarized the limitations and recent advancements in our comprehension of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, pathology, molecular biology, diagnosis, and treatment of GEP-NETs to identify factors contributing to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.
- Journal
- MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
- Year
- 2024
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2095-7467
- eISSN
- 2054-9369
- DOI
- 10.1186/s40779-024-00535-6
- WoS UID
- WOS:001238717300001