Fermentative Production, Kinetic Analysis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid from <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i> subsp. <i>Aureofaciens</i>

This study investigates phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) production by Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens under submerged batch fermentation. This nonpathogenic, flexible carbon-utilizing strain was selected as a safer and industrially adaptable PCA producer. Chemical and physical parameters were optimized, and phenazines were isolated by chloroform extraction followed by adsorption chromatography and characterized using UV-vis, FTIR, and H-1-NMR analyses. PCA production was identified as growth-associated, yielding 129.45 & micro;g/mL-comparable to wild-type Pseudomonas strains despite the use of low-cost glycerol medium-highlighting the process's industrial relevance. Key kinetic parameters were determined as Y-XS = 0.64 mg/mg, Y-PS = 0.12 mg/mg, Y-PX = 0.35 mg/mg, and mu = 0.39 h(-)(1). PCA exhibited antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 mm) and Micrococcus luteus (22 mm) at 150 & micro;g/mL. Cytotoxicity was evaluated via MTT assay on A549 and SKOV3 cells, yielding IC50 values of 17.30 +/- 1.72, 13.04 +/- 0.76, and 5.69 +/- 0.35 & micro;g/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, with notable effects also observed in SKOV3 cells. Overall, the findings demonstrate that PCA possesses significant antimicrobial and anticancer potential, supporting its further development as a natural bioactive compound.

Dergi

CHEMISTRYSELECT

Yıl

2026

Cilt

11

Sayı

9

ISSN

2365-6549

DOI

10.1002/slct.202505891

WoS UID

WOS:001703809000001