Article 2026 · 0 citations

Aerobic Exercise under Cold Conditions May Affect the Cardiac Structure by Elevating the Galectin 3 and CK-MB Levels

Sebin, Saime Ozbek, Sebin, Engin, Gulakar, Basak, Gencoglu, Cebrail, Ozbay, Serhat, Ulupinar, Suleyman, Altinkaynak, Konca, Ozkara, Abdullah Bora

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the myocardial effects of aerobic exercise in cold weather in healthy individuals by measuring galectin-3 (Gal-3) and CK-MB levels. Forty-one individuals (12 professional athletes [age: 21.91 +/- 2.60 years, body mass: 63.5 +/- 8.4 kg, BMI: 21.7 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)], 14 physically active [age: 21.95 +/- 2.30 years, body mass: 65.5 +/- 10.3 kg, BMI: 22.4 +/- 1.4 kg/m2], and 15 sedentary individuals [age: 21.40 +/- 2.64 years, body mass: 62.5 +/- 7.4 kg, BMI: 22.2 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)]) participated in this study. Athletes and physically active individuals performed 40 minutes of acute aerobic running exercises at 0 degrees C and 20 degrees C environmental temperatures. Gal-3 and CK-MB levels were measured pre-and postexercise. Baseline Gal-3 levels of professional athletes (p < 0.001) and physically active individuals (p = 0.048) were significantly higher than those of sedentary individuals. Two-way ANOVA showed significant interaction (p = 0.035) between temperature (0 degrees C vs. 20 degrees C) and exercise (pre-vs. post-exercise). At 0 degrees C, there was a significant increase in postexercise serum Gal-3 levels when compared with pre-exercise values (p < 0.001, +7.1%), whereas no significant difference was observed at 20 degrees C. Moreover, no significant interaction was found for CK-MB levels (p = 0.306) between the temperature (0 degrees C vs. 20 degrees C) and exercise (pre-vs. post-exercise). Additionally, there was a significant difference between pre-and post-exercise values at the 0 degrees C environmental temperature for serum CK-MB levels (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference at 20 degrees C. This study demonstrates that regular exercise is associated with biochemical abnormalities that may affect cardiac structure and function. Aerobic exercise under cold conditions may cause myocardial injury.

Keywords

aerobic exercise Galectin 3 CK-MB cold weather cardiac injury OXIDATIVE STRESS CIRCULATING GALECTIN-3 RELEASE ACTIVATION DISEASES IRISIN

WoS Categories

Sport Sciences

Citation

Journal: JOURNAL OF HUMAN KINETICS
Year: 2026
Volume: 101
Pages: 87-102
ISSN: 1640-5544
eISSN: 1899-7562
DOI: 10.5114/jhk/213943
WoS UID: WOS:001736020400006

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