Eccentric Isokinetic Rehabilitation for Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis in Female Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Bilateral Neuromuscular Adaptations and Functional Performance
Dhahbi, Wissem, Ghouili, Hatem, Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim, Adhadhi, Nessrine, Bchini, Souhail, Bessifi, Manel, Ceylan, Nagihan Burcak, Stefanica, Valentina, Ouerghi, Nejmeddine, Hammami, Nadhir
Background and Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of eccentric isokinetic muscle strengthening versus passive motion protocols on neuromuscular function and performance capacity in female swimmers with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five swimmers (age 46.1 +/- 3.1 years) with lateral epicondylitis exceeding three months' duration completed a randomized controlled trial comparing eccentric training in Controlled Active Motion mode (experimental group (EG), n = 13) against passive motion in Continuous Passive Motion mode (control group (CG), n = 12). Both groups performed 18 supervised sessions over six weeks (60 degrees/s angular velocity, progressive loading 1-12 sets & times; 5 repetitions). Bilateral concentric peak torque of elbow extensors and flexors constituted the primary outcomes. Secondary measures included push-up performance, explosive power assessed by the Seated Medicine Ball Chest Push Test, and goniometric range of motion. Linear mixed-effects models and analysis of covariance with baseline adjustment were employed. Results: Eccentric training produced side-specific strength adaptations in elbow flexors (confirmed interaction: F-1,F-23 = 8.56, p = 0.008, eta(2)(p) = 0.271), with the experimental group demonstrating balanced bilateral gains, whereas the control group exhibited asymmetric responses favoring the non-dominant limb. EG demonstrated superior functional gains: push-up repetitions increased 4.15 +/- 1.77 versus 2.17 +/- 1.27 in CG (adjusted difference = 3.21 repetitions, 95% CI [1.52, 4.90], p = 0.001, d = 1.31), while explosive power improved 0.32 +/- 0.09 m versus 0.10 +/- 0.06 m (adjusted difference = 0.35 m, 95% CI [0.25, 0.45], p < 0.001, d = 1.20). Range of motion remained unchanged across groups (all p > 0.65). Conclusions: Eccentric isokinetic strengthening confers substantial advantages over passive motion protocols for restoring upper-body muscular endurance and ballistic force production in swimmers with lateral epicondylitis, supporting its integration into rehabilitation frameworks for the management of tendinopathy.
- Journal
- MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
- Year
- 2026
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 1010-660X
- eISSN
- 1648-9144
- DOI
- 10.3390/medicina62030494
- WoS UID
- WOS:001727123100001