Increasing load factor in logistics and evaluating shipment performance with machine learning methods: A case from the automotive industry

The insufficient loading of vehicles, which leads to a low logistics load factor is a common problem in the logistics industry. This study addresses this issue by utilizing actual shipment data from an automotive company. An effective method has been proposed to improve the company's logistics efficiency through a scenario-based approach. Two real- world scenarios were developed to enhance vehicle loading performance. Machine learning algorithms were employed to evaluate the shipment performance of these scenarios. For the study, a dataset was generated from the company's ERP system and real-world shipment data. Since this is a real-world problem, the dataset consisted of unlabeled data. To solve this problem, both supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms were applied. First, unsupervised clustering algorithms were used to group the shipment performance based on similarities. Then, supervised learning algorithms were utilized to classify the data within each group. The average cost was used to evaluate the clusters obtained through the unsupervised methods, while classification performance was measured using supervised machine learning techniques. The scenario-based approach has significantly improved the performance of the shipments as it shows the changes in load factor more clearly. In the actual case, only %25.7 of shipments were high performing, while this percentage gradually increased to %98.4 in the scenarios. The results show that optimizing the load factor makes the transports more efficient and balanced.

Journal

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS

Year

2025

Volume

15

Issue

1

ISSN

2045-2322

DOI

10.1038/s41598-025-94713-8

WoS UID

WOS:001465574200028