Article 2025 · 5 citations

The causal relationship between air transport and economic growth: Evidence from top ten countries with the largest air transport volume

Celik, Ali Kemal, Yalcinkaya, Omer, Kutlu, Muhammet

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to explore causal relationship between air transport and economic growth for top ten countries with the largest air transport volume worldwide for the sample period 1970-2021 using conventional bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto and bootstrap Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests. For this purpose, a single composite indicator gathered by principal components analysis as a proxy variable of air transport is used to reflect all dimensions of air transport and to better understand potential effects on the relationship between air transport and economic growth. The empirical findings of the present study revealed that there exists an uni-directional causal relationship from air transport to economic growth for all countries except for Russia and Brazil. A bi-directional causal relationship is also found between air freight transport and economic growth for Japan and between air carrier registered departures and economic growth for China. The results indicate that causality tests based on Fourier approach show more consistent results than conventional causality tests. This study also argues that the use of only one dimension of air transport can lead to relatively weak representativeness of air transport.

Keywords

Causal relationship Air transport Economic growth Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality test Air transport volume PANEL-DATA OKUNS LAW DEMAND COINTEGRATION MIDDLE IMPACT

WoS Categories

Economics Transportation

Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable Cities and Communities

Citation

Journal: TRANSPORT POLICY
Year: 2025
Volume: 162
Pages: 521-532
ISSN: 0967-070X
eISSN: 1879-310X
DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.01.002
WoS UID: WOS:001402471900001

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