A new lab-made screen-printed electrode system based on reduced graphene oxide-subphthalocyanine functionalized with ferrocene for electrochemical detection of acetaminophen
Alahmad, Haala, Gul, Elif Yildiz, Aksoy, Burcu Topaloglu, Biryan, Fatih, Koran, Kenan, Ecik, Esra Tanriverdi, Bas, Salih Zeki, Atacan, Keziban, Ersoz, Mustafa, Ozmen, Mustafa, Cosut, Buenyemin
Acetaminophen (Ac) is a pharmaceutically active ingredient widely used in the treatment of pain and fever. However, an acute oral overdose of more than 12 g of Ac is considered a toxic dose and poses a high risk of liver damage. This study presents the development of a new laboratory-made screen-printed electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-subphthalocyanine-functionalized with ferrocene (SubPc-Fc) to detect Ac. Initially, subphthalocyanine (SubPc) was synthesized using a known method from the literature and was then functionalized with ferrocene (Fc). Subsequently, this functionalized compound was combined with rGO to form a composite structure (rGO-SubPc-Fc). A laboratory-made screen-printing electrode (LabSPE) was successfully created by using carbon and silver conductive inks applied to a polycarbonate substrate through the screenprinting process. Then, the surface of LabSPE was modified with rGO-SubPc-Fc composite and made ready for the electrochemical determination of Ac. The electrochemical results revealed that the rGO-SubPc-Fc composite exhibited a remarkable sensing behavior towards the oxidation of Ac with a working range from 0.05 mu M to 200 mu M, and a detection limit of 0.01 mu M. The selectivity of the proposed sensor (rGO-SubPc-Fc/LabSPE) for Ac detection in the presence of possible interfering compounds such as uric acid, epinephrine, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and some ions was also examined. The practical suitability of rGO-SubPc-Fc/LabSPE in real sample analysis was tested on two different types of human drug samples and appreciable recovery results were obtained in the range of 102.02-103.94 %. In drug sample analysis, the proposed method was compared with the spectrophotometric method, and satisfactory results were achieved.
- Journal
- MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
- Year
- 2025
- Volume
- 208
- ISSN
- 0026-265X
- eISSN
- 1095-9149
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.microc.2024.112434
- WoS UID
- WOS:001386332300001