Evaluation of the parameters related to the golden ratio in the teeth of individuals from different countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Statement of problem. Golden proportion, golden percentage, and recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion are parameters used in esthetic dentistry. However, a meta-analysis of studies evaluating these parameters in individuals from different countries is lacking. Purpose. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine and compare the golden ratio, golden percentage, and RED ratio values as seen in the maxillary anterior teeth of individuals from different countries. Material and methods. A systematic search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify English and non-English language articles reporting the golden proportion, golden percentage, and RED proportion. The titles, full text, and abstracts were scanned by 2 investigators independently to identify articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Using a meta-analysis software program, data extracted from each selected study were statistically combined using the random-effects model. Weighted mean differences, 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity were calculated for each measurement. Results. The search protocol resulted in a total of 752 articles, but only 26 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. While the sample size varied between 46 and 384 in the 26 analyzed studies, a total of 3786 individuals from 12 countries were evaluated. No similarity was found using the esthetic parameters determined in the populations to which the meta-analysis was applied. Conclusions. Mathematical formulas did not provide consistent results that would allow for their use as a standardized guide for creating natural looking smiles. Rather, dental esthetic ratios should be set based on the racial and ethnic character of a population. (J Prosthet Dent 2024;132:726-734)

Journal

JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY

Year

2024

Volume

132

Issue

4

Pages

726-734

ISSN

0022-3913

eISSN

1097-6841

DOI

10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.032

WoS UID

WOS:001328188300001