High-performance Na-ion full-cells with P2-type Na<sub>0.67</sub>Mn<sub>0.5-x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>0.43</sub>Al<sub>0.07</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathodes: Cost analysis for stationary battery storage systems
Kalyoncuoglu, Burcu, Ozgul, Metin, Altundag, Sebahat, Bulut, Fatih, Oz, Erdinc, Sahinbay, Sevda, Altin, Serdar
Na -ion batteries are viable alternatives to Li-ion batteries especially for stationary applications. Developing suitable electrode materials, half-cell and full-cell studies and cost analysis are major steps and challenges for their commercialization. In this study, we report the synthesis of a promising cathode material, Na0.67Mn0.5- xNixFe0.43Al0.07O2 (x = 0.02-0.10 with Delta x = 0.02), using a modified solid-state synthesis technique. The materials were heated at high temperature for 6 h in air and quenched in liquid N-2. We determined the solubility limit of Ni in Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.43Al0.07O2 as x <= 0.06. The interlayer separation increases with increasing Ni content due to the ionic radii difference between Mn and Ni. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements evidence the valance state of Ni in the x = 0.06 sample as 2+ and 3+. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis of the half-cells were performed at 10 C-degrees, room temperature, and 50 degrees C to observe the effect of environmental temperature on redox mechanism. The highest half-cell capacity of the cells was determined as 181 mAh/g for x = 0.06 at C/3-rate. Artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation was performed on the hard carbon anode by presodiation technique and the full-cells of Na0.67Mn0.44Ni0.06- Fe0.43Al0.07O2/hard carbon were assembled in CR2032 coin cells. The capacity values of the cells at C/2, C, and 2C-rate were determined as 131.4 mAh/g, 116 mAh/g and 100.8 mAh/g for the 1 cycle and 33 mAh/g, 40.6 mAh/g and 49.9 mAh/g for the 500th cycle, respectively. The cost analysis for the commercial package for stationary energy storage system was performed by BatPac program and results are discussed.
- Journal
- JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
- Year
- 2024
- Volume
- 79
- ISSN
- 2352-152X
- eISSN
- 2352-1538
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.est.2023.110203
- WoS UID
- WOS:001168109200001