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Article 2022 · 101 citations

The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe

Lazaridis, Iosif, Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songul, Acar, Ayse, Acikkol, Aysen, Davtyan, Ruben, Agelarakis, Anagnostis, Aghikyan, Levon, Akyuz, Ugur, Andreeva, Desislava, AndrijaSevic, Gojko, Antonovic, Dragana, Armit, Ian, Atmaca, Alper, Avetisyan, Pavel, Aytek, Ahmet Ihsan, Bacvarov, Krum, Badalyan, Ruben, Bakardzhiev, Stefan, Balen, Jacqueline, Bejko, Lorenc, Bernardos, Rebecca, Bertsatos, Andreas, Biber, Hanifi, Bilir, Ahmet, Bodruzic, Mario, Bonogofsky, Michelle, Bonsall, Clive, Boric, Dusan, Borovinic, Nikola, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Buttinger, Katharina, Callan, Kim, Candilio, Francesca, Caric, Mario, Cheronet, Olivia, Chohadzhiev, Stefan, Chovalopoulou, Maria-Eleni, Chryssoulaki, Stella, Ciobanu, Ion, Condic, Natalija, Constantinescu, Mihai, Cristiani, Emanuela, Culleton, Brendan J., Curtis, Elizabeth, Davis, Jack, Demcenco, Tatiana, I, Dergachev, Valentin, Derin, Zafer, Deskaj, Sylvia, Devejyan, Seda, Djordjevic, Vojislav, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Eccles, Laurie R., Elenski, Nedko, Engin, Atilla, Erdogan, Nihat, Erir-Pazarci, Sabiha, Fernandes, Daniel M., Ferry, Matthew, Freilich, Suzanne, Frinculeasa, Alin, Galaty, Michael L., Gamarra, Beatriz, Gasparyan, Boris, Gaydarska, Bisserka, Genc, Elif, Gultekin, Timur, Gunduz, Serkan, Hajdu, Tamas, Heyd, Volker, Hobosyan, Suren, Hovhannisyan, Nelli, Iliev, Iliya, Iliev, Lora, Iliev, Stanislav, Ivgin, Ilkay, Jankovic, Ivor, Jovanova, Lence, Karkanas, Panagiotis, Kaya, Esra Hilal, Keating, Denise, Kennett, Douglas J., Kesici, Seda Deniz, Khudaverdyan, Anahit, Kiss, Krisztian, Kilic, Sinan, Klostermann, Paul, Valdes, Sinem Kostak Boca Negra, KovaCevic, SaSa, Krenz-Niedbala, Marta, Skrivanko, Maja Krznaric, Kurti, Rovena, Kuzman, Pasko, Lawson, Ann Marie, Lazar, Catalin, Leshtakov, Krassimir, Levy, Thomas E., Liritzis, Ioannis, Lorentz, Kirsi O., Lukasik, Sylwia, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Martirosyan-Olshansky, Kristine, Matthews, Roger, Matthews, Wendy, McSweeney, Kathleen, Melikyan, Varduhi, Micco, Adam, Michel, Megan, Milasinovic, Lidija, Mittnik, Alissa, Monge, Janet M., Nekhrizov, Georgi, Nicholls, Rebecca, Nikitin, Alexey G., Nikolov, Vassil, Novak, Mario, Olalde, Inigo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Osterholtz, Anna, Ozdemir, Celal, Ozdogan, Kadir Toykan, Ozturk, Nurettin, Papadimitriou, Nikos, Papakonstantinou, Niki, Papathanasiou, Anastasia, Paraman, Lujana, Paskary, Evgeny G., Patterson, Nick, Petrakiev, Ilian, Petrosyan, Levon, Petrova, Vanya, Philippa-Touchais, Anna, Piliposyan, Ashot, Kuzman, Nada Pocuca, Potrebica, Hrvoje, Premuzic, Zrinka, Price, T. Douglas, Qiu, Lijun, Radovic, SiniSa, Aziz, Kamal Raeuf, Sikanjic, Petra Rajic, Raheem, Kamal Rasheed, Razumov, Sergei, Richardson, Amy, Roodenberg, Jacob, Ruka, Rudenc, Russeva, Victoria, Sahin, Mustafa, Sarbak, Aysegul, Savas, Emre, Schattke, Constanze, Schepartz, Lynne, Selcuk, Tayfun, Sevim-Erol, Ayla, Shamoon-Pour, Michel, Shephard, Henry M., Sideris, Athanasios, Simalcsik, Angela, Simonyan, Hakob, Sinika, Vitalij, Sirak, Kendra, Sirbu, Ghenadie, Slaus, Mario, Soficaru, Andrei, Sogut, Bilal, Soltysiak, Arkadiusz, Stathi, Maria, Steskal, Martin, Stewardson, Kristin, Stocker, Sharon, Suata-Alpaslan, Fadime, Suvorov, Alexander, Szecsenyi-Nagy, Anna, Szeniczey, Tamas, Telnov, Nikolai, Temov, Strahil, Todorova, Nadezhda, Tota, Ulsi, Touchais, Gilles, Triantaphyllou, Sevi, Turker, Atila, Ugarkovic, Marina, Valchev, Todor, Veljanovska, Fanica, Videvski, Zlatko, Virag, Cristian, Wagner, Anna, Walsh, Sam, Wlodarczak, Piotr, Workman, J. Noah, Yardumian, Aram, Yarovoy, Evgenii, Yavuz, Alper Yener, Yilmaz, Hakan, Zalzala, Fatma, Zettl, Anna, Zhang, Zhao, Cavusoglu, Rafet, Rohland, Nadin, Pinhasi, Ron, Reich, David

Abstract

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the IndoAnatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian IndoEuropeans from the steppe.

Keywords
GENOMIC HISTORY ANCIENT ORIGIN POPULATIONS LANGUAGES PATTERNS ANATOLIA FARMERS STEPPE
WoS Categories
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sustainable Development Goals
Citation
Journal
SCIENCE
Year
2022
Volume
377
Issue
6609
Pages
939-+
ISSN
0036-8075
eISSN
1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.abm4247
WoS UID
WOS:000849788200029
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