Phytogenic Hematite Nanoparticles for Seed Nano-Priming Enhance Germination, Growth, Yield, and Iron Enrichment in Rice
Ahmad, Sidra, Ahmad, Mian Afaq, Ahmad, Nayab, Munir, Iqbal, Ercisli, Sezai, Hasan, Md Mahadi
The application of nanotechnology in agriculture presents interesting options for improving crop yield and nutritional quality. However, despite growing interest in nanotechnology-based solutions, limited research has focused on the use of green-synthesized hematite nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) for seed nanopriming in staple crops such as rice. Therefore, exploring eco-friendly and sustainable nanoparticle formulations that can simultaneously enhance seed germination, plant growth, yield, and iron biofortification remains a critical research need. This study synthesized hematite nanoparticles using Brassica nigra seed extract and evaluated their effects on seed germination, water uptake, growth, yield, and iron content in rice (Oryza sativa). The nanoparticles, characterized by UV-vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential analysis, had a crystalline, spherical structure averaging 14.05 +/- 6.96 nm and a stable - 50 mV surface charge. Rice plants treated with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L Fe2O3 NPs showed dose-dependent improvements in seed germination, alpha-amylase activity, sugar content, and water uptake. At 150 mg/L, shoot and root lengths increased by 41% and 109%, respectively, while grain yield and 1000-grain weight improved by 126% and 62.02%. Chlorophyll a and b rose by 62% and 85%, and grain iron content increased by 144%, reaching 16.67 mg/kg meeting up to 21% of the daily iron requirement for men and 9% for women. The hazard risk index (HRI) was below 1, indicating safety. These results demonstrate that phytogenic hematite nanoparticles can serve as effective nano-fertilizers, enhancing rice productivity and iron nutrition through a sustainable and safe approach.
- Dergi
- BIONANOSCIENCE
- Yıl
- 2026
- Cilt
- 16
- Sayı
- 2
- ISSN
- 2191-1630
- eISSN
- 2191-1649
- DOI
- 10.1007/s12668-025-02352-0
- WoS UID
- WOS:001663673600017