Cross-linking of fungal β-glucosidase on Al₂O₃ nanocrystals synthesized using <i>Cajanus cajan</i> L. Millsp. extracts for <i>in suit</i> genistein manufacture

This present study deals with the cross-linking of fungal beta-glucosidase on Al2O3 nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized in C. cajan for in-suit genistein production. The Cajanus cajan leaves were dried and used to prepare their extract at 65 degrees C by agitation for 30 min. For enzyme production under submerged culture, 50 mL of medium at pH 8.6 with an inoculum volume of 2 mL; was incubated for 72 h with optimized parameters at 30 degrees C. The Al2O3 NCs were synthesized by adding 30 mM Al2O3 to 25 mL of leaf extract with NaOH at 65 degrees C for 50 min which enhanced the beta-glucosidase specific activity when immobilized. Genistein by biotransformation was obtained using both free (0.67 +/- 0.42 mg/mL) and Al2O3 immobilized beta-glucosidase (1.3 +/- 0.66 mg/mL) for 48 h. The substrate level and enzyme concentration were 2.5 and 1 mL respectively. The UV visible spectra for leaf extract; free and cross-linked beta-glucosidase and Al2O3 NCs were at 225, 235, 300, and 210 nm. The bands for Al2O3 NCs were achieved at 500-750 cm(-1) which showed the FTIR analysis to check the change in functional groups of free and Al2O3 cross-linked beta-glucosidase. In XRD analysis, peaks depicted the crystalline structure of Al2O3 NCs ranging from 10-50 degrees. The size of NCs was confirmed by using different magnifications (1.01, 2.00, 3.00, 5.00, 7.02, and 10 K X) of SEM images obtained. For zeta potential measurements, the peak was obtained at -21.0 mV.

Dergi

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS

Yıl

2025

Cilt

15

Sayı

1

ISSN

2045-2322

DOI

10.1038/s41598-025-89973-3

WoS UID

WOS:001432949700030