Computing the effects of temperature and osmotic stress on the seed germination of <i>Helianthus annuus</i> L. by using a mathematical model

An extremely important oil crop in the world, Helianthus annuus L. is one of the world's most significant members of the Asteraceae family. The rate and extent of seed germination and agronomic features are consistently affecting by temperature (T) and changes in water potential (psi). A broad hydrothermal time model with T and psi components could explain sunflower responses over suboptimal T and psi. A lab experiment was performed using the HTT model to discover both T and psi and their interactive effects on sunflower germination and also to figure out the cardinal Ts values. The sunflower seeds were germinated at temperatures (15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C); each Ts had five constant psi s of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 MPa via PEG 6000 as osmotic stress inducer. The results revealed that highest germination index was found in seed grown at 20 degrees C in distilled water (0 MPa) and the lowest at 30 degrees C with osmotic stress of (- 1.2 MPa). The highest value of germination rate index was found in seed grown at 20 degrees C in distilled water (0 MPa) and the lowest at 15 degrees C with an osmotic stress of (- 1.2 MPa). In conclusion, water potential, temperature, and their interactions have a considerable impact on seed germination rate, and other metrics (GI, SVI-I, GRI, GE, SVI-II, and MGT). Seeds sown at 20 degrees C with zero water potential showed high germination metrics such as GE, GP, GRI, and T50%. The maximum value to TTsub noted at 30 degrees C in - 0.9 MPa osmotic stress and the minimum value was calculated at 15 degrees C in - 1.2 MPa osmotic stress. The result of TTsupra recorded highest at 15 degrees C in controlled group (0 MPa). Moreover, theta H was highest at 30 degrees C in controlled condition (0 MPa) and minimum value was observed at 20 degrees C under - 1.2 MPa osmotic stress. The value of theta HTT were maximum at 30 degrees C in controlled group (0 MPa) and minimum value was recorded at 15 degrees C under - 1.2 MPa osmotic potential. The base, optimum and ceiling temperatures for sunflower germination metrics in this experiment were noted 6.8, 20 and 30 degrees C respectively.

Dergi

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS

Yıl

2024

Cilt

14

Sayı

1

ISSN

2045-2322

DOI

10.1038/s41598-024-60015-8

WoS UID

WOS:001214888200036